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Hypertension
Sunday, June 18, 2006
Hypertension means high blood pressure. The blood pressure reading of a person is taken by using a sphygmomanometer. It is composed of two numbers which are the systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The upper number called the systolic BP reflects the amount of pressure generated by the heart while pumping blood towards the arteries. The lower number called the diastolic BP represents the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest. The blood pressure increases when the heart pumps more blood and when the diameter of the arteries becomes narrowed.

Most of the time, a person with hypertension has no symptoms. People used to watch out for nape pain or headache and dizziness to tell them that their BP is rising. This is actually a wrong notion because these symptoms are usually observed when the hypertension is already in the advanced stage. Sometimes these symptoms are accompanied by weakness and palpitation.

We call the hypertension as primary or essential when we cannot pinpoint the cause of the condition. It is secondary when there is an underlying condition that is causing the hypertension. This can be a thyroid problem, an adrenal, or a kidney problem.


The best time to take the BP reading is in the morning. If upon several readings the BP is beyond 140/90, it is best for you to visit your physician for your medication. It is also good if you could trim down your built to your normal weight, increase physical activity in the form of exercise, avoid or totally stop smoking, and to minimize alcohol intake. A few lifestyle changes will help you manage your condition.

Hypertension is difficult to manage with just one visit to your physician. Follow ups are needed for adequate monitoring. Other problems that contribute to your condition should also be managed as well.


posted by Rodolfo T. Rafael,M.D. @ 12:11 PM   0 comments
Transient Ischemic Attack
Sunday, June 11, 2006
As the name implies, this condition occurs rapidly, lasts only for a few minutes or less than one hour after which the signs and symptoms completely disappear and the body returns to normal state. This occurs when the supply of blood to a part of the brain becomes temporarily blocked because of the presence of blood clot or plaques (cholesterol-containing fatty deposits) in an artery supplying the brain.

This happens when while on your daily routine suddenly you feel weak or numb on one side of your body either on the face, arms, or legs. You want to ask the help of your companions but they have difficulty understanding you because your speech is slurred. You try to help yourself but you feel dizzy and there is loss of coordination in your movement. You also have difficulty looking around because of sudden blindness in one or both of your eyes. After several minutes suddenly you’re back to normal as if nothing happens. If these symptoms last for more than 24 hours then you are diagnosed to have a stroke.


This condition occurs to people who have positive family history of TIA or stroke. The risk increases for those with hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and cigarette smokers. TIA is a warning for a more debilitating condition that is to come. It is therefore important to treat the risk factors and avoid or limit alcohol intake, cigarrette smoking, and fatty foods.

Since a person is back to normal after an attack, oftentimes nothing is done to determine the cause. It is important for you to visit your physician in order that the abnormality which have caused the attack will be corrected so that occurrence of a stroke in the future could be prevented.

posted by Rodolfo T. Rafael,M.D. @ 12:40 PM   0 comments
Migraine Headache
Sunday, June 04, 2006

Migraine is an intense, disabling type of headache which can be so excruciating that it can interrupt you from your daily activities. It can be triggered by stress, certain foods like aged cheeses and chocolates, changes in weather, food intake and sleeping patterns, bright lights such as the sun’s glare, loud noises, and unusual smells. At least a day before the headache appears, the prodromal signs and symptoms are felt which signals the person that a migraine is coming. These premonitions include craving for food particularly sweets, intense energy, fatigue, irritability, or depression.

There are two types of migraine: the common type which does not start with a warning sign and the classic type which starts with a warning sign. The warning sign is called aura. The aura lasts for around 30 minutes and is seen in any of the following forms: flashes of light, zigzag lines, or blind spots in the fiels of vision. It can be a feeling of muscle weakness or burning sensation in one part of the body.


The symptoms include intense headache in one side or both sides of the head. The pain is usually described as throbbing pain and it is worsened by physical activity thereby causing interruption from the usual daily activities. It is accompanied by nausea with or without vomiting and the person becomes more sensitive to light and sound.

The headache is thought to be caused by imbalance in brain chemicals particularly serotonin. With decreased serotonin levels, substances are released by the trigeminal nerve which causes the brain blood vessels to dilate when these substances reach the brain’s outer covering. NSAIDS are the most common medicines given to relieve the pain.

posted by Rodolfo T. Rafael,M.D. @ 10:59 PM   0 comments
About Me

Name: Rodolfo T. Rafael,M.D.
Home: San Fabian, Pangasinan, Philippines
About Me: Family Physician, and Associate Professor (Medical Biochemistry, Medical Physiology and Medical Informatics)
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